Bioterrorism is the phenomenon of the unlawful and intentional use of biological agents, such as pathogenic microorganisms or toxins, to cause health, economic and social harm. This paper discusses the basics of the CDC's classification of potential agents used in bioterrorism with a focus on the description of the most dangerous Category A pathogens. This includes their general characteristics, potential for use as biological weapons, and the most current forms of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases caused by them. The paper highlights the role of international organisations, such as the UN and Interpol, in monitoring and countering bioterrorism threats. The paper also includes information about bioterrorist attacks in recent years and possible potential threats in the future. A narrative review of scientific literature, government reports and data from international agencies was conducted. The results highlight the need for continuous monitoring of bioterrorist threats, the development of effective response schemes and investment in protective measures. Despite its rarity, bioterrorism has a high potential effectiveness in causing social panic and economic destabilisation, making it one of the most serious challenges facing the world today.