Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and poses a significant public health concern due to its link with various cancers. Despite widespread awareness of HPV, actual knowledge about the virus remains limited, which limits the effectiveness of preventive measures such as vaccination. This article reviews the literature to evaluate how HPV knowledge influences attitudes toward vaccination. Studies indicate that access to education and healthcare is crucial in bridging knowledge gaps about HPV. To improve awareness, vaccination rates, and screening participation, targeted educational interventions and public health strategies are essential. Furthermore, changes in the education and training of healthcare providers are necessary for the successful implementation of public health initiatives, boosting vaccination uptake and increasing the performance of screening tests.