This paper presents the history of X-ray wagons whose service contributed to improving the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the surviving sources and present a contributory study that will draw the attention of researchers to the role of X-ray wagons in post-war Poland. The paper uses selected press titles, documents and witness accounts. The article is supplemented by a rich iconography found during a research in the State Archive in Wrocław (Archiwum Państwowe we Wrocławiu) and in the press. Due to the research, it has been possible to reconstruct – at least partially – the appearance, equipment and operation of X-ray wagons in post-war Poland. The study carried out in this article paves the way for further, more extensive studies.